Unequal Scenes

The Bandra Kurla Complex is one of Mumbai's most expensive business districts, built from the 1970s on reclaimed marshland along the Mithi River. It holds the National Stock Exchange, the headquarters of major banks and corporations, and the consulates of several countries, including the United States. The same river corridor that runs through it is lined with dense informal settlements, so towers and slums sit almost side by side.

Mumbai is a city of astonishing contrasts. From above, the borders between wealth and poverty are clearly visible: roads, walls, fences, forest. These drone photographs reveal the tightly packed tin roofs of Dharavi adjacent to glass towers and swimming pools. Urban inequality in Mumbai is not hidden; it’s built into the way the city grows. This is a visual record of how space, status, and opportunity are distributed in one of the world’s most populous cities — sometimes just meters apart.

Simply put, Mumbai is...fascinating.

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Inequality Data created by the World Inequality Database.

Inequality in Mumbai, India - where over 40% of the city population lives in slums.

The National Stock Exchange of India (visible on the right) sits across the road from a slum.

Dharavi, a city within a city, made famous by the movie "Slumdog Mllionaire", is almost entirely made of grey concrete.

Mumbai’s mangroves—once a natural boundary—now host corrugated rooftops and satellite dishes, home to some of the city's poorest.

It's built on a slender, impossibly crowded peninsula surrounded on three sides by water. It contains the heart of India's most powerful industries, and some of its poorest slums - it's an urban jungle, a vertical aerie for the superrich, and a fragile marine ecosystem. Billion-dollar houses in the form of skyscrapers exist next to vast slums covered in blue tarps against the monsoon rains.

These depictions are both accurate and inaccurate at the same time - the panoply of human existence is vast. The yearning, the romance, and the pain of everyday life is irreducible to a singular narrative arc. Moreover, even the term "slum" is problematic (although it seems Indian themselves rarely question the lexicon). How does one rectify the fact that industry in Indian slums is estimated at over $1 billion yearly? That the land itself is worth billions of rupees? That Dharavi is a crucial voting bloc in municipal elections?

Informal recyclers in Dharavi exist within sight of the National Stock Exchange, traditional fishermen moor their boats in the shadows of skyscrapers in Worli, and leopards prowl the Sanjay Gandhi National Park on the city's northern flank. In short, it's a city of contradictions.

Even the airport is stunted, India's second busiest, with the east section unfinished and a second runway impossible to build because of the slums which encircle the airport from all sides. A modern subway system is being dug below ground, while above the streets heave with every form of conveyance in a vast cacophony of horns blaring.

Love it or hate it, Mumbai is a model of the city in the 21st century - A Global South alternative to Manhattan, an awakening elephant in the fields of culture, science, industry, and architecture, and also a thoroughly in-progress, semi-planned experiment of extreme growth.

Architect PK Das has received accolades for his work mapping and enumerating slum dwellers within the city of Mumbai. He estimates that 60% of Mumbai's population is made up of slum dwellers - an incredible 7.5 million people.

Dharavi Slum is one of the most famous slums in the world. The adjacent Mahim Nature Park was developed as a relief valve, an affordable way to escape the extreme urbanism which characterizes most Indian cities.

This river represents an extreme wealth gap in Mumbai. The building in the upper left of this photo is the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation LTD, which bills itself as "India's largest profit making company". On the right is the edge of Dharavi slum, once India's largest slum, and the setting for the film "Slumdog Millionaire".

This bridge will connect the Bandra Kurla complex to several transport links in Dharavi, on the opposite side of the Mithi River.

The exceedingly sharp contrast between single-story slums and developed areas in northern Mumbai.

Slum dwellers in Mumbai's northern sections use blue tarps to protect against the monsoon rains. The houses are packed so tightly together it's impossible to see the pathways between them from above.

Slums line a branch of the Mithi River near the National Stock Exchange.

Another view of the Mahim Nature Park, with the visitor's center visible as a open circular building on the left. The entrance to the park costs 10 rupees, "less than a cup of tea", and provides a shaded natural getaway to the chaos of Dharavi's urban canyons.

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